martes, 26 de marzo de 2019

All Aboard The S.S. Anne!

My first morning in Vermilion City, I found myself down at the docks pushing my way through the crowds. Vermilion Port was easily the busiest place I'd ever been in my life up to that point. The sheer number of ships and trucks moving goods in and out of the Kanto region was overwhelming. Even still, the S.S. Anne stood out of the crowd as a majestic ocean liner built for luxurious and excessive lifestyles. It's glorious, gleaming white hull was a beacon you could see almost anywhere in Vermilion City. I'd had my eye on her since I came into town the night before and I had no trouble finding my way to the pier at which she was docked. Getting on to that pier without a ticket or an invitation to the tournament was a trial all its own. I spent most of the morning looking for a way past security.
The story of how I got aboard the S.S. Anne is a story of chance encounters and dumb luck. The first of which was a man fishing off the end of an unused pier. I was attempting to get a better vantage point of the S.S. Anne at the time, but I was also curious about the old fisherman. I sat with him a moment and he showed me how he supported himself just fishing up Pokémon out of the Vermilion Bay. After spending perhaps half an hour watching and listening to his old fish tales, he offered me one of his old rods that he wasn't too attached to. I was surprised at his generosity and thanked him graciously. He said the old rod wasn't great at pulling up any big catches, but it was a good starter rod to learn how to handle myself. I was eager to try it out.
There didn't seem to be any restrictions posted on where you were allowed to fish in Vermilion Port, so I plopped myself down right at the edge of the S.S.Anne pier. I cast my line into the waters and waited. Patiently. For a long time. As I sat there on the edge of the dock, I could hear battles going on the deck above me. I could hear the whoops and cheers of the gathered crowds as local trainers, decadent cruise passengers, and members of the crew fought for fun and money. I knew that as long as there were trainers ready to battle, the registration for this exhibition would be open, but I had to get aboard soon.
There was a tug on the line! A new type of Pokémon battle had begun. It was my strength and determination against that of whatever was on the other end of that line. I struggled for several minutes, worried that this old rod would snap clear in half at the tension on the line. Finally, a red scaled fish Pokémon lurched out of the water and flopped on to the pier. I frowned slightly. It was a Magikarp. I should have known. It was too weak to weaken, so I had Arnold put it to sleep and I carefully tried to get it into a Pokéball. The damn thing casually slapped 4 of my balls into the ocean in its fitful slumber before finally being secured in the 5th ball. I named him Royal, and although he was weak now, I had some big dreams for Royal in the distant future.
I had no idea at the time, but the entire Magikarp episode was being watched by a gentleman nearby. I called out Royal to get a good look at him and size up his potential - which admittedly was limited right now. As I was gazing down at him, a firm hand clasped my shoulder.
"I say, good show, old sport. Good show."
"Thank you," I managed to sputter in sudden confusion.
"Oh, I daresay, where are my manners? My name is Reginald and I'm the Chairman of the Pokémon Fan Club. We are headquartered right here in Vermilion City! I have personally collected over 100 Pokémon and I'm very fussy when it comes to Pokémon. I see you are less fussy and I admire your spirit, old sport." He motioned to Royal. "I could never bother myself with Pokémon like that, but there is something special about you. Come now, join me aboard the S.S. Anne, would you? I can see you are itching to join the tournament. Meanwhile, let me tell you all about my favorite Pokémon, Rapidash. It is the most spectacular and ravishing of all the Pokémon, don't you agree?"
All I really heard was "join me aboard the S.S. Anne" and I was packing up my belongings as quickly as I could. While Chairman Reginald prattled on and on about Rapidash, my attention was mainly focused on shoving the old rod into my backpack, and making sure my Boulder and Cascade Badges were clearly visible. I wanted everyone to know how far I'd come as we made our way on board the cruise ship.

Once aboard, I listened to Chairmain Reginald talk about Rapidash for what felt like an eternity a polite amount of time considering the great favor he'd just done for me. Eventually I excused myself and I found my way to the registration desk. I showed off my two badges and was put into a mid-level bracket. The tournament was scored on a point system where trainers lost the most points when their Pokémon fainted, and since I was determined not to allow them to faint I was sure to score very highly in the preliminary matches.
All the matches were happening along the promenade deck with spectators above able to look down into most of the arenas that were setup. As I stood along the promenade, it was crowded and difficult to see much, but I managed to push my way toward my first match-up near the aft of the ship. I was going to face off against an older gentlemen who happened to be a passenger aboard the cruise wanting to test his skill against the Kanto trainers. I was nervous, but also excited. He opened with a Growlithe - a Pokémon I'd never seen before. It was obviously a fire-type and so Douglas was the right choice. He needed the battle experience, as well.
Growlithe was faster than I anticipated! He landed a desperate attack on Douglas's head which nearly incapacitated him. I was shocked. I'd almost lost a Pokémon due to my overconfidence in type match-ups. I switched out Douglas for Rascal Jr. hoping to get the edge in speed. My swap paid off because Rascal Jr. landed a monstrous hyper fang on this Growlithe and knocked it completely out. The crowd went wild at this turn around and I remember how uplifting it made me feel. I couldn't help from smiling like a fool.
The passenger tossed out another Growlithe who met the same OHKO fate to the power of Rascal Jr. To punctuate just how amazing Rascal's victory over the Growlithe duo actually was, Rascal Jr. evolved into a Raticate in front of the entire crowd. It generated some hushed awe from the spectators, but I was just ecstatic to see Rascal Jr. grow in power. Rascal and I were victorious in our first match, but there were still several more ahead of us before we'd meet with the captain.

Current Team:
Attacks in Blue are recently learned.

Bill's Storage: Shakespear (Spearow) & Royal (Magikarp)

Old Man Daycare: Charlie (Pidgey)

sábado, 23 de marzo de 2019

ouo.io - Make short links and earn the biggest money



Shrink and Share

Signup for an account in just 2 minutes. Once you've completed your registration just start creating short URLs and sharing the links with your family and friends.
You'll be paid for any views outside of your account.

Save you time and effort

ouo.io have a simple and convenient user interface, and a variety of utilities.
We also provides full mobile supports, you can even shorten the URL and view the stats on a mobile device.






viernes, 29 de junio de 2018

Top 24 Best Highest Paying URL Shortener Sites to Earn Money Online

  1. SHRINKPE.COM

    SHRINKPE.COM is also one of the best and most trusted shortener websites.It is also one of the fastest growing URL shortener sites.It is paying high for 1000 views.One of the best things about this site is that one visitor can click 15 times on your link and you will be paid for that clicks.
    You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.You can earn $9 for 1000 views.These rates are not permanent they change every time.They also depend on the advertisements currently available for the visitor's country.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$15
    • Minimum withdraw-$5 PayPal
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payment methods-PayPal
    • Payment-instantly

  2. Petty Link

    Shorten URLs and earn money with Petty Link which is one of the best URL Shortening for earning money online.
    Getting started is easy. You need to create an account, shorten your link, and start earning money. Petty is one of the best ways to earn extra money.
    You get to make money from home when managing and protecting your link. Using the Petty Link tool, you can create short links. What's best, you get paid. It's a completely free tool.
    You have to create an account, create a link, and post it. For every visit, you earn money. The payout is as much as $12 per 1000 views. Plus, you can get 21% Referral Bonus.
    It has the Petty Link Referral Program. Refer friends and receive 21% of their earnings for life.
    Its featured Administration Panel allows you to control all of the features with a click of a button. It offers detailed stats. You get to know your audience.
    It has a low minimum payout. You need to earn only $5.00 before you are paid. Payment method is PayPal. Moreover, Petty offers the highest rates.
    Plus, it has a dedicated support team to help you out in case you have any questions or issues.
  3. Link4.me

    Link4.me is another trusted and fast growing site.You can earn by creating an account for free.You have to shorten your long URL into the short one.Then you can paste it into websites, blog, and social networking sites.You can earn $9 for 1000 views.they offer 20% referral commission for the lifetime.
    When your earning will reach $5 then you can claim your earning.Paypal is the only method through which you can withdraw your earnings.
    • Payout for 1000 views-$9
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payment method-Paypal

  4. BLV.ME

    BLV.ME is one of the most trusted URL shortener sites.It pays high CPM rate.You can earn $10 for every 1000 views.One worst thing about blv.me is its referral system.
    They only offer 5% referral commission which is very much low.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $10.You can claim your amount through Payza, Bank Transfer or Skrill.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$10
    • Minimum payout-$10
    • Referral commission-5%
    • Payout options-Payza, Skrill, and bank transfer
    • Payment time-at the end of the month

  5. Linkbucks

    Linkbucks is another best and one of the most popular sites for shortening URLs and earning money. It boasts of high Google Page Rank as well as very high Alexa rankings. Linkbucks is paying $0.5 to $7 per 1000 views, and it depends on country to country.
    The minimum payout is $10, and payment method is PayPal. It also provides the opportunity of referral earnings wherein you can earn 20% commission for a lifetime. Linkbucks runs advertising programs as well.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$3-9
    • Minimum payout-$10
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payment options-PayPal,Payza,and Payoneer
    • Payment-on the daily basis

  6. BIT-URL

    It is a new URL shortener website.Its CPM rate is good.You can sign up for free and shorten your URL and that shortener URL can be paste on your websites, blogs or social media networking sites.bit-url.com pays $8.10 for 1000 views.
    You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $3.bit-url.com offers 20% commission for your referral link.Payment methods are PayPal, Payza, Payeer, and Flexy etc.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$8.10
    • Minimum payout-$3
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payment methods- Paypal, Payza, and Payeer
    • Payment time-daily

  7. Cut-win

    Cut-win is a new URL shortener website.It is paying at the time and you can trust it.You just have to sign up for an account and then you can shorten your URL and put that URL anywhere.You can paste it into your site, blog or even social media networking sites.It pays high CPM rate.
    You can earn $10 for 1000 views.You can earn 22% commission through the referral system.The most important thing is that you can withdraw your amount when it reaches $1.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$10
    • Minimum payout-$1
    • Referral commission-22%
    • Payment methods-PayPal, Payza, Bitcoin, Skrill, Western Union and Moneygram etc.
    • Payment time-daily

  8. Adf.ly

    Adf.ly is the oldest and one of the most trusted URL Shortener Service for making money by shrinking your links. Adf.ly provides you an opportunity to earn up to $5 per 1000 views. However, the earnings depend upon the demographics of users who go on to click the shortened link by Adf.ly.
    It offers a very comprehensive reporting system for tracking the performance of your each shortened URL. The minimum payout is kept low, and it is $5. It pays on 10th of every month. You can receive your earnings via PayPal, Payza, or AlertPay. Adf.ly also runs a referral program wherein you can earn a flat 20% commission for each referral for a lifetime.
  9. Getsurl

    Getsurl is one of the best and high paying URL shortener website.If you are not getting high CPM rate from other websites then you should open an account on this website.It offers good CPM rate for all countries.You can earn $11 for 1000 views.
    You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.Referral commission is about 10%.You can withdraw your amount from lots of sources.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$11
    • Minimum payout amount-$5
    • Referral commission-10%
    • Payment methods-Paypal, Payoneer, Bitcoin, Vodafone cash etc
    • Payment time-net 25

  10. Shrinkearn.com

    Shrinkearn.com is one of the best and most trusted sites from our 30 highest paying URL shortener list.It is also one of the old URL shortener sites.You just have to sign up in the shrinkearn.com website. Then you can shorten your URL and can put that URL to your website, blog or any other social networking sites.
    Whenever any visitor will click your shortener URL link you will get some amount for that click.The payout rates from Shrinkearn.com is very high.You can earn $20 for 1000 views.Visitor has to stay only for 5 seconds on the publisher site and then can click on skip button to go to the requesting site.
    • The payout for 1000 views- up to $20
    • Minimum payout-$1
    • Referral commission-25%
    • Payment methods-PayPal
    • Payment date-10th day of every month

  11. Short.am

    Short.am provides a big opportunity for earning money by shortening links. It is a rapidly growing URL Shortening Service. You simply need to sign up and start shrinking links. You can share the shortened links across the web, on your webpage, Twitter, Facebook, and more. Short.am provides detailed statistics and easy-to-use API.
    It even provides add-ons and plugins so that you can monetize your WordPress site. The minimum payout is $5 before you will be paid. It pays users via PayPal or Payoneer. It has the best market payout rates, offering unparalleled revenue. Short.am also run a referral program wherein you can earn 20% extra commission for life.
  12. Linkrex.net

    Linkrex.net is one of the new URL shortener sites.You can trust it.It is paying and is a legit site.It offers high CPM rate.You can earn money by sing up to linkrex and shorten your URL link and paste it anywhere.You can paste it in your website or blog.You can paste it into social media networking sites like facebook, twitter or google plus etc.
    You will be paid whenever anyone will click on that shorten a link.You can earn more than $15 for 1000 views.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.Another way of earning from this site is to refer other people.You can earn 25% as a referral commission.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$14
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-25%
    • Payment Options-Paypal,Bitcoin,Skrill and Paytm,etc
    • Payment time-daily

  13. ADmy.link

    ADmy.link is also one of the best URL sites.It is a trusted site.You can earn simply by registering for an account.It's fast and free!then you can Find URLs you would like to monetize and shorten your links.You just have to Share your shortened links and drive traffic to your content.
    Then Earn money by sharing in the advertising revenues for each real visit to your links!You can earn $5 for 1000 views.Minimum payout is $5.You can earn extra money by their referral system.They offer 15% as a referral program.
    • Payout for 1000-$5
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-15%
    • Payment method-PayPal
    • Payment time-start of every month.

  14. LINK.TL

    LINK.TL is one of the best and highest URL shortener website.It pays up to $16 for every 1000 views.You just have to sign up for free.You can earn by shortening your long URL into short and you can paste that URL into your website, blogs or social media networking sites, like facebook, twitter, and google plus etc.
    One of the best thing about this site is its referral system.They offer 10% referral commission.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.
    • Payout for 1000 views-$16
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-10%
    • Payout methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
    • Payment time-daily basis

  15. CLICKSFLY

    CLICKSFLY is a new URL shortener website.It pays high CPM rate.You just have to sign up and then you can shorten URL and can earn money when visitors will click on your URL link.You can earn $15 for 1000 views.One of the best thing about this website is that you can withdraw your amount when it reaches $3.
    You can earn 35% commission by referring other people to this website.If your visitors are from developing countries like Pakistan India etc then I will suggest you that you should open an account in CLICKSFLY because it pays $2.5 minimum for 1000 views.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$15
    • Minimum withdraw-$3
    • Referral commission-35%
    • Payment methods-PayPal, PAYTM
    • Payment time-daily

  16. Ouo.io

    Ouo.io is one of the fastest growing URL Shortener Service. Its pretty domain name is helpful in generating more clicks than other URL Shortener Services, and so you get a good opportunity for earning more money out of your shortened link. Ouo.io comes with several advanced features as well as customization options.
    With Ouo.io you can earn up to $8 per 1000 views. It also counts multiple views from same IP or person. With Ouo.io is becomes easy to earn money using its URL Shortener Service. The minimum payout is $5. Your earnings are automatically credited to your PayPal or Payoneer account on 1st or 15th of the month.
    • Payout for every 1000 views-$5
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payout time-1st and 15th date of the month
    • Payout options-PayPal and Payza

  17. Shink.me

    Shink.me is one of the old URL shortener sites.It is a legit site.You just have open an account free.You can earn from this like other URL shortener companies.It offers the good CPM rate for all countries traffic.
    You can earn $4.65 for every 1000 views.The minimum payout rate is $5.ther offer 10% referral commission.PayPal and Payza are payment methods of shink.me.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$4.65
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-10%
    • Payout methods-Payza and Paypal
    • Payment time-Biweekly

  18. Wi.cr

    Wi.cr is also one of the 30 highest paying URL sites.You can earn through shortening links.When someone will click on your link.You will be paid.They offer $7 for 1000 views.Minimum payout is $5.
    You can earn through its referral program.When someone will open the account through your link you will get 10% commission.Payment option is PayPal.
    • Payout for 1000 views-$7
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-10%
    • Payout method-Paypal
    • Payout time-daily

  19. CPMlink

    CPMlink is one of the most legit URL shortener sites.You can sign up for free.It works like other shortener sites.You just have to shorten your link and paste that link into the internet.When someone will click on your link.
    You will get some amount of that click.It pays around $5 for every 1000 views.They offer 10% commission as the referral program.You can withdraw your amount when it reaches $5.The payment is then sent to your PayPal, Payza or Skrill account daily after requesting it.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$5
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-10%
    • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Skrill
    • Payment time-daily

  20. Clk.sh

    Clk.sh is a newly launched trusted link shortener network, it is a sister site of shrinkearn.com. I like ClkSh because it accepts multiple views from same visitors. If any one searching for Top and best url shortener service then i recommend this url shortener to our users. Clk.sh accepts advertisers and publishers from all over the world. It offers an opportunity to all its publishers to earn money and advertisers will get their targeted audience for cheapest rate. While writing ClkSh was offering up to $8 per 1000 visits and its minimum cpm rate is $1.4. Like Shrinkearn, Shorte.st url shorteners Clk.sh also offers some best features to all its users, including Good customer support, multiple views counting, decent cpm rates, good referral rate, multiple tools, quick payments etc. ClkSh offers 30% referral commission to its publishers. It uses 6 payment methods to all its users.
    • Payout for 1000 Views: Upto $8
    • Minimum Withdrawal: $5
    • Referral Commission: 30%
    • Payment Methods: PayPal, Payza, Skrill etc.
    • Payment Time: Daily

  21. Linkshrink

    Linkshrink URL Shortener Service provides you an opportunity to monetize links that you go on the Internet. Linkshrink comes as one of the most trusted URL Shortener Service. It provides an advanced reporting system so that you can easily track the performance of your shortened links. You can use Linkshrink to shorten your long URL. With Linkshrink, you can earn anywhere from $3 to $10 per 1000 views.
    Linkshrink provides lots of customization options. For example, you can change URL or have some custom message other than the usual "Skip this Ad" message for increasing your link clicks and views on the ad. Linkshrink also offers a flat $25 commission on your referrals. The minimum payout with Linkshrink is $5. It pays you through PayPal, Payza, or Bitcoin.
  22. Shorte.st

    Shorte.st is another very popular and most trusted URL Shortening Company. Shorte.st comes as a user-friendly URL Shortener Service with many creative options for making money by monetizing the links you share. Shorte.st provides you an opportunity to earn from $5 to $15 per 1000 views for promoting their shortened links.
    For WordPress Bloggers, Shorte.st brings its WordPress Plugin which will help you greatly to boost your earnings. Shorte.st has a low minimum payout of $5.
    The payment is credited automatically on the 10th of each month. The payment methods include PayPal, Payoneer, and WebMoney. It also presents a referral earning opportunity wherein you can earn 20% commission on referrals for a lifetime.
  23. Short.pe

    Short.pe is one of the most trusted sites from our top 30 highest paying URL shorteners.It pays on time.intrusting thing is that same visitor can click on your shorten link multiple times.You can earn by sign up and shorten your long URL.You just have to paste that URL to somewhere.
    You can paste it into your website, blog, or social media networking sites.They offer $5 for every 1000 views.You can also earn 20% referral commission from this site.Their minimum payout amount is only $1.You can withdraw from Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$5
    • Minimum payout-$1
    • Referral commission-20% for lifetime
    • Payment methods-Paypal, Payza, and Payoneer
    • Payment time-on daily basis

  24. Oke.io

    Oke.io provides you an opportunity to earn money online by shortening URLs. Oke.io is a very friendly URL Shortener Service as it enables you to earn money by shortening and sharing URLs easily.
    Oke.io can pay you anywhere from $5 to $10 for your US, UK, and Canada visitors, whereas for the rest of the world the CPM will not be less than $2. You can sign up by using your email. The minimum payout is $5, and the payment is made via PayPal.
    • The payout for 1000 views-$7
    • Minimum payout-$5
    • Referral commission-20%
    • Payout options-PayPal, Payza, Bitcoin and Skrill
    • Payment time-daily

jueves, 28 de junio de 2018

Ethical hacking : Top 18 best websites to learn hacking 2018

  • Black Hat: The Black Hat Briefings have become the biggest and the most important security conference series in the world by sticking to our core value: serving the information security community by delivering timely, actionable security information in a friendly, vendor-neutral environment.
  • Offensive Security Training: Developers of Kali Linux and Exploit DB, and the creators of the Metasploit Unleashed and Penetration Testing with Kali Linux course.
  • Exploit DB: An archive of exploits and vulnerable software by Offensive Security. The site collects exploits from submissions and mailing lists and concentrates them in a single database.
  • DEFCON: Information about the largest annual hacker convention in the US, including past speeches, video, archives, and updates on the next upcoming show as well as links and other details.
  • Phrack Magazine: Digital hacking magazine.
  • HackRead: HackRead is a News Platform that centers on InfoSec, Cyber Crime, Privacy, Surveillance, and Hacking News with full-scale reviews on Social Media Platforms.
  • Makezine: Magazine that celebrates your right to tweak, hack, and bend any technology to your own will.
  • Metasploit: Find security issues, verify vulnerability mitigations & manage security assessments with Metasploit. Get the worlds best penetration testing software now.
  • The Hacker News: The Hacker News — most trusted and widely-acknowledged online cyber security news magazine with in-depth technical coverage for cybersecurity.
  • Hakin9: E-magazine offering in-depth looks at both attack and defense techniques and concentrates on difficult technical issues.
  • Hack Forums: Emphasis on white hat, with categories for hacking, coding and computer security.
  • Hacked Gadgets: A resource for DIY project documentation as well as general gadget and technology news.
  • KitPloit: Leading source of Security Tools, Hacking Tools, CyberSecurity and Network Security.
  • SecurityFocus: Provides security information to all members of the security community, from end users, security hobbyists and network administrators to security consultants, IT Managers, CIOs and CSOs.
  • NFOHump: Offers up-to-date .NFO files and reviews on the latest pirate software releases.
  • SecTools.Org: List of 75 security tools based on a 2003 vote by hackers.
  • Hackaday: A hardware hack every day.
  • Packet Storm: Information Security Services, News, Files, Tools, Exploits, Advisories and Whitepapers.

miércoles, 5 de septiembre de 2012

Recordatorio: Renán Enrique Muñoz Vidal te ha invitado a unirte a Facebook...

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miércoles, 4 de noviembre de 2009

Fwd: FW: Rv: DEUDA HISTORICA




Bueno Para leer y pensar.




Fecha: lunes, 2 noviembre, 2009, 9:56 pm

En el siguiente artículo, el destacado economista Manuel Riesco Larraín, - quien integra el Centro de Estudios Nacionales de Desarrollo Alternativo, CENDA - declara inconcebible que el gobierno niegue pagar la deuda histórica que el Estado chileno mantiene con los profesores.   Deuda que se originó en 1981, al transferirse los colegios a los municipios, y cuando al profesorado no se le reconoció el reajuste especial de entre 50 y 90 por ciento del sueldo base, que se les había entregado pocos meses antes...

Deuda Histórica


En una decisión inconcebible, el gobierno ha declarado que no va a pagar un peso de la deuda histórica del Estado al magisterio. Los alcances pueden resultar insospechados. A semanas de una reñida elección presidencial, esta "falta de criterio impensable," como la calificó un destacado senador derechista, pareciera una potente señal de determinados tecnócratas de gobierno a favor del candidato opositor. 

Como se sabe, la deuda histórica se originó al transferir los colegios a los municipios en 1981, cuando al profesorado no se le reconoció el reajuste especial de entre 50 y 90 por ciento del sueldo base, que se les había entregado pocos meses antes, junto a los demás EE.PP.. 
Dicho reajuste aparentemente abultado no hacía sino resarcir en parte menor el recorte de más de dos tercios que habían sufrido sus salarios tras el golpe. Los EE.PP. fueron aún más afectados que el conjunto de los trabajadores chilenos, que en promedio perdieron la mitad de sus remuneraciones.

Como resultado de todo lo anterior, en 1990 los sueldos del magisterio alcanzaban apenas al 28 por ciento de su nivel anterior al golpe. El conjunto de los EE.PP. mostraba un deterioro algo menor, puesto que había recibido el reajuste antes mencionado. Por su parte, el promedio de remuneraciones del país se encontraba en ese momento en un 70 por ciento de su nivel anterior al golpe. De este modo, debido a la deuda histórica, el magisterio fue el sector más castigado del país por la política salarial de Pinochet. 

Todos los trabajadores chilenos mejoraron significativamente sus remuneraciones tras el término de la dictadura. El salario medio real recuperó su nivel previo al golpe en noviembre de 1999, es decir, justo al terminar el siglo. Los EE.PP. lograron dicha meta algunos daños después. Sin embargo, debido a la deuda histórica, el magisterio es el único sector del país que todavía mantiene un nivel de remuneraciones reales inferior al que percibía antes del golpe.

Evidentemente, como ha recordado la vocera del gobierno, los dos últimos recibieron reajustes muy superiores al promedio desde 1990 a la fecha. Sin embargo, su situación entonces era tan desmejorada que aún así se encuentran ambos todavía por debajo del promedio general. 
Muchos profesores jubilaron con sueldos afectados por este problema, lo que se tradujo en pensiones miserables aún en el sistema público y con mucho mayor razón en el caso de las AFP. No pocos han fallecido sin recibir una justa reparación.

La deuda histórica es un problema nacional. La permanencia a lo largo de casi cuatro décadas de una política de remuneraciones discriminatoria en contra del magisterio ha deteriorado seriamente la educación. Ello ha afectado la formación de millones de alumnos a lo largo de muchos años. Quiénes constantemente achacan al magisterio todos los males de la educación deberían reflexionar acerca de este factor. 

Sumado al desmantelamiento del sistema nacional de educación pública, ha mermado considerablemente la potencialidad de la fuerza de trabajo, con serio perjuicio para la economía y el conjunto del país
El Colegio de Profesores ha encabezado la larguísima lucha que el magisterio ha venido librando para obtener el reconocimiento y pago de la deuda histórica. Ha logrado lo primero a nivel nacional e internacional y confiaba que por fin alcanzaría lo segundo. La respuesta del gobierno ha frustrado una vez más su justa expectativa. 

Al no pagar parte de sus remuneraciones a los profesores trasladados, el gobierno incurrió en una ilegalidad manifiesta, puesto que el mismo decreto de municipalización señala que se debía respetar íntegramente el salario de los afectados por la medida. Centenares de maestras y maestros ganaron juicios al Estado y lograron recibir el mencionado reajuste, el que todavía aparece identificado claramente en sus liquidaciones de remuneraciones.

Por este motivo, el justo reclamo del magisterio fue acogido por la OIT, que en su Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo del 2009 trató el problema en sesión plenaria e instó al gobierno a reparar la deuda histórica del magisterio, puesto que la misma misma viola tratados que el Estado chileno ha suscrito. 
Justamente, el gobierno alegó en su defensa ante el plenario de la OIT que con motivo de la aprobación del presupuesto del 2009 había suscrito un acuerdo con el parlamento en virtud del cual una comisión conjunta analizaría el problema y le entregaría una solución en el curso de este año.
 

En efecto, la comisión de la Cámara de Diputados constituida en virtud de este acuerdo emitió un contundente informe hace dos meses. En el mismo analiza exhaustivamente el problema y revisa todos los argumentos legales al respecto, al tiempo que determina el número de profesores afectados y evalúa el monto de lo adeudado al magisterio y propone una fórmula de pago. 

El número de personas afectadas supera las ochenta mil y el monto estimado alcanza a los 5,2 billones de pesos de hoy. La fórmula de pago propuesta parece razonable: un bono de entre cinco y diez millones de pesos, más un suplemento a las jubilaciones de entre cincuenta y cien mil pesos mensuales por persona afectada. Los diferentes montos se explican por el hecho que los maestros fueron afectados en distinta manera, dependiendo de la fecha de su traslado a los municipios.

Distribuido de este modo, el monto resulta perfectamente posible de solventar para las finanzas públicas. De hecho, requiere un incremento del presupuesto educacional inferior al 5 por ciento. Se puede alegar razonablemente que las circunstancias actuales constituyen un momento propicio para iniciar el pago, puesto que existe amplia preocupación en muy distintos sectores que el presupuesto del 2010 puede resultar peligrosamente contractivo en circunstancias que la recuperación económica es todavía muy precaria.
Sin embargo, más allá de los argumentos económicos, políticos y estratégicos en favor de pagar la deuda histórica, "hay un fundamento ético para cumplir con esta obligación," como declaró el senador citado más arriba. 

La deuda histórica afecta al grupo de chilenas y chilenos que sin duda constituyen lo mejor y más destacado de todos nosotros. A nadie debe la patria tanto como a ellas y ellos. Millones de chilenos deben agradecerles la formación recibida en la escuela.
Los más afectados son los mejores y más preparados al interior del propio magisterio. Ellos son la generación que se formó y engrosó sus filas a fines de los años 1960 y principios de los años 1970. Participaron en la extraordinaria gesta educativa de los gobiernos de Frei Montalva y Allende, que terminó con el analfabetismo en Chile y despertó la conciencia la masa de los trabajadores chilenos. Muy particularmente, ellos sacaron al campesinado de su siesta secular. Gracias a ello fue posible la gesta que transformó para siempre la realidad social y económica del país, proyectándolo en definitiva a la era moderna. 

Precisamente por ello, fueron castigados ferozmente por la dictadura. Los militares invadieron y destruyeron el sistema educacional público que antes ellos mismos habían contribuido a crear, convencidos que se trataba de una plaza fuerte del "enemigo interno.." El sector más privilegiado de la sociedad los azuzó en esta faena, llenos de resentimiento en contra de quiénes culpaban de las transformaciones sociales que los habían afectado.
Los afectados por la deuda historica son la generación de maestros que jugaron el rol más destacado en la recuperación de la democracia. Los tecnócratas gubernamentales que hoy les niegan la sal y el agua no ocuparían las elevadas posiciones de gobierno de que disfrutan de no haber sido por la abnegada lucha de los profesores a quiénes hoy día infieren un nuevo agravio. ¡Deberían sentir vergüenza!
Justamente por todos estos motivos, el profesorado ha logrado el reconocimiento unánime de todos los sectores políticos a la justeza de su demanda. 

Es el momento en que todos los chilenos sin distinción alguna debemos salir a la calle en defensa de nuestras maestras y mestros. Su dignidad es la dignidad de todos.

Manuel Riesco Larraín.





domingo, 4 de octubre de 2009

Recordatorio: Renán Enrique Muñoz Vidal te ha invitado a unirte a Facebook...

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